Praktikum VI

Take-Home Praktikum

teman-teman, berhubung saya sedang sakit, dan kelas praktikum kita sedang dipakai untuk kegiatan kampus, maka untuk praktikum kali ini, Take-Home.

karena untuk praktikum kali ini, saya tidak menjelaskan di kelas seperti biasanya, maka untuk hasil akhir pada praktikum ini, akan saya tambah 5 point (+5)

take-Home di kerjakan di kertas Folio bergaris
dikumpulkan maksimal Hari Sabtu (27 November 2010) pukul 13.00 WIB di ruang asisten, di loker saya (Putri Rahmi). lewat dari jam tersebut, hasil tidak saya terima.

soal yang dikerjakan :
Mq : 1-8, 10
T/F : 1-10
MC : 1-10
essay : 1-6, 8, 10

bila ada kesulitan dalam pengerjaan soal, silahkan tanya ke saya, Via sms, telepon, via inbox Fb (Putri Rahmi) , atau Ym (unyiel_maama).

selamat mengerjakan :-)

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CHAPTER 7

SHORT RUN COST AND OUTPUT DECISON

Matching Questions

1. The process of dividing total fixed costs by more units of output. Average fixed cost declines as quantity rises.

2. The increasing in total cost that results from producing one more unit of output.

3. Total variable cost divided by the number of units of output.

4. Fixed costs plus variable costs.

5. Graph which shows the relationship between total variable cost and output.

6. Difference between total revenue and total cost

7. The difference between average total cost and average variable cost

8. The curve shows how much revenue the firm will gain by raising output by one unit at each level of output.

9. Short-run supply curve.

10. Fixed costs in the short run because the firm had no choice but to pay them.

A. Average Variabel Cost G. Profit

B. Average Fixed Cost H. Total Cost

C. Marginal Cost I. MR Curve

D. Total Variable Cost Curve J. Variabel Cost

E. Spreading Overhead K. Marginal Cost Curve

F. Total Revenue L. Sunk Cost

True - False

1. To calculate costs, a firm has to know two things: the quantity and combination of inputs needed to produce its products and how much those output cost.

2. At any given level of output, total variable cost depends on (1) the techniques of production that are available and (2) the prices of the inputs required by each technology.

3. Because TFC does not change with output, the graph is simply a straight vertical line.

4. In the long run, a firm has fixed costs.

5. The profit-maximizing perfectly competitive firms will produce up to the point where the marginal revenue is just equals to short run marginal cost, MR = MC.

6. Competitive firms face inelastic demand in short run.

7. Implisit costs are costs actually incurred, or cost which is defined by an accountant.

8. The marginal revenue curve and the demand curve facing a competitive firm aren’t identical

9. Marginal cost is the slope of the total variable cost curve.

10. Total variable cost is the sum of all costs that vary with output in the short run.

Multiple Choices

1. The cost that in the short run, firms cannot avoid them or change them, even if production is zero

a. Fixed cost

b. Variabel cost

c. Sunk cost

d. Marginal cost

2. The curve showing the cost of production using the best available technique at each output level, given current factor prices.

a. Total fixed cost curve

b. Total variabel cost curve

c. Fixed average cost

d. Average variable cost curve

e. Marginal cost curve

3. Costs include the total opportunity cost of all inputs

a. Economic cost

b. Explisit cost

c. Sunk Cost

d. Marginal cost

4. Profit-maximizing level of output for all firms

a. P = MC

b. MC = MR

c. P = AC

d. AC = MC

e. P = AR

5. Profit-maximizing level of output for perfectly competitive firms

a. P = MC

b. MC = MR

c. P = AC

d. AC = MC

e. P = AR

6. If marginal cost is .... average total cost, average total cost will decline toward marginal cost. If marginal cost is .... average total cost, average total cost will increase.

a. Above , below

b. Below, above

c. Constant, constant

d. Increase, decrease

e. Decrease, increase

7. Supposed firm A produce 250 unit in price level $ 5, firm A has $ 850 of total cost. The marginal cost for firm A is

a. $ 1.250

b. $ 400

c. $ 5

d. $ 3.4

e. $ 250

8. If in the short run the total revenue is shortage of fixed cost, then

a. The loss is equal with variabel cost

b. There will come new entry firm

c. The loss is less than fixed cost

d. The firm will exit from industry

e. The loss is equal with fixed cost

9. The difference between average total cost and average fixed cost is

a. Marginal cost

b. Variabel cost

c. Total variable cost

d. Average variabel cost

e. Total fixed cost

10. Marginal cost intersects Average Total Cost at

a. ATC’s minimum point

b. ATC’s maximum point

c. ATC’s will decline

d. ATC’s will above

Essay

1. Mention the three specific decisions of a company in the perfect competition industry!

2. Explain conditions that occur when the company is in the short-run term perfect competition?

3. Why the demand curve in a perfectly competitive market is horizontal?

4. Determine the best techniques used by the company at every level of output in order to maximize profits earned? (if P_k = 2 ; P_L = 1)

(bila angka pada gambar kurang jelas, klik gambar tersebut )

6. What do you know about the concept : Law of Diminshing Marginal Return? (Explain and draw!)

7. Show mathematically the Average Cost when it reaches its minimum point. (draw!)

8. Complete the table below

9. Explain and draw about the total cost, total variable costs and total fixed costs!

10. The Juice’s Shop has the following data

a. Calculate the average variable cost, average total cost and marginal cost for each number.

b. Describe the three curves. What is the relationship between marginal cost curve and the curve of the average total cost? What is the relationship between marginal cost curve and the curve of the average variable cost? Explain.

Jawaban chapter 5

CHAPTER 5

HOUSEHOLD BEHAVIOR AND CONSUMER CHOICE

I. MULTIPLE CHOICES

1. B

2. C

3. A

4. B

5. C

6. B

7. C

8. B

9. C

10. D

II. MATCHING QUESTIONS

1. F

2. J

3. E

4. G

5. H

6. B

7. D

8. A

9. C

10. I

III. TRUE-FALSE

1. F; The change in price of other product will determine the household demand to shifting.

2. F; Labor supply curve is a diagram that shows the quantity of labor supplied at different wage rate.

3. T

4. F; Substitution effect states that when wage increases, the leisure time will decrease.

5. F; the marginal utility comes from the last unit consumed.

6. T

7. F; The labor supply curves will slopes downward when the income effect outweighs the substitution effect

8. T

9. T

10. T

IV. ESSAY

1. Confronted with the choice between two alternative combination of goods and services, A and B, a consumer will respond in one of three ways

- A is prefer over B

- B is prefer over A

- A and B is indifferent, they liked equally

2. a. Budget constraint is the limits imposed on household choices by income, wealth, and product prices.

Equation: Px . X + Py. Y = I

X = quantity of X consumed

Y = quantity of Y consumed

Px = price of good X

Py = price of good Y

I = household income

a. When X=0 when Y=0

8 Y = 480 3 X = 480

Y = 60 X = 160

3. We should choose the point B because at point B we use all the income that we have to buy goods and services which means efficient. It’s different with point A and C. At point A, the maximum condition is unreached because there is a residual budget that we don’t use. Point B is unattainable because we have not enough money to consume at that point.

4. The law of diminishing marginal utility states that the more of any one good consumed in a given period, the less satisfaction generated by consuming each additional unit of the same good.

5. Marginal Rate of Substitution (MRS) is the ratio at which household is willing to substitutes one good (X) for another good (Y).

MRS = MUx/MUy

MRS equal to 5 means a household would be willing to trade five units of Y for one additional unit of X.

6. This paradox states that: “The things with the greatest value in use frequently have little or no value in exchange, and the things with the greatest value in exchange frequently have little or no value in use.”

There are two main points in this theory which are value in use and value in exchange. The very useful thing in our life frequently have little value in exchange such as water because it need a little sacrifice ,easy reflecting in low cost of production, to produce. Vice versa, the less useful thing frequently has large value in exchange, such as diamond because of it need large sacrifice or high cost of production to produce.

7. The substitution effect and income effect when price of X decreases:

- Normal goods

SE: price of Y become relative more expensive, quantity demanded of X increase

IE: purchasing power increase, quantity demanded of X increase

SE and IE go in same direction

Conclusion: quantity demanded of X increase

- Inferior goods

SE: price of Y become relative more expensive, quantity demanded of X increase

IE: purchasing power increase , quantity demanded of X decrease

SE and IE in opposite directionàSE > IE

Conclusion: quantity demanded of X increase

- Giffen goods

SE: price of Y become relative more expensive, quantity demanded of X increase

IE: purchasing power increase , quantity demanded of X decrease

SE and IE in opposite directionàSE <>

Conclusion: quantity demanded of X decrease

8.

Slice of bread consumed	Total utility	Marginal Utility
1	10	-
2	20	10
3	26	6
4	29	3
5	30	0

a. Yes, the data consistent with the law of diminishing marginal utility because when we consume one more and more slice of bread, the additional satisfaction decrease and we have stop to consume in the fourth slice because we will get no more additional satisfaction and if we consume more, even it will cause the negative marginal utility.

9. Substitution effect: The increases in wage means that leisure is more expensive, which causes the household substitute other goods for leisure. It means lower quantity demanded of leisure and higher quantity supplied of labor.

Income effect: The increases in wage will cause the household better off because they will earn higher income and lead to higher demand for leisure. It means quantity supplied of labor will decrease.

If the substitution effect is greater than the income effect, the wage increase will increase labor supply which suggests that the labor supply curve slopes upward (a). But, if the income effect is greater than substitution effect, a higher wage will lead labor supply to decrease which suggest that the labor supply curve slope downward (b).

10. Deriving demand curve

Assume that the price of X decrease ( both X and Y is normal goods).

Jawaban chapter 3 & 4

CHAPTER 3&4
Matching Question :
1. F
2. K
3. G
4. A
5. H
6. L
7. B
8. C
9. D
10. I

True or False :
1. F
2. F
3. F
4. F
5. F
6. F
7. F
8. T
9. F
10. T

Multiple Choice
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. B
5. B
6. B
7. C
8. A
9. C
10. A

Essay
1. Law of demand:
negative relationship between price and quantity demanded. When the price falls, quantity demanded will increase, at ceteris paribus, and vice versa.
Law of supply:
Positive relationship between price and quantity supplied.
When price falls quantity supplied will decrease, at ceteris paribus, vice versa.
2. Input Market
market sell resources to be used for the production process.
e.x : Steel, Plastice Ore, Iron Ore, etc.

Output Market
market where goods and services exchanged.
e.x : Cars Market.


3. Lihat di buku gambar yang jelasnya, dan penjelasannya.

4. a. Normal goods
Goods which demand tends to increase as income increases. Example : luxurious
cars.

b. Inferior goods
goods that demand tends to fall as income increases.

c. Substitutes Goods
items can be interchangeable, when a single price rises, demand for other goods
will rise.

d. Complementary Goods
a decline in goods prices causes an increase in demand for other goods.

5.demand curve has a negative slope due to the demand made by the buyer.buyers will
buy more goods if the goods are much cheaper price. so the price and quantity in
demand has a negative relationship. (mathematical explanation)

supply curve has a positive slope because that its offering is a Producer, so the
Producer will sell more goods when the price increased to greater profits.

6. Equilibrium is a condition where the amount of goods demanded equals the quantity
of goods offered. Equilibrium occurs when Qd=Qs

7. equilibrium :
QDx = QSx
8000-1000p = -4000 + 2000 p
12.000 = 3000p
P = $4

Q = 8000-1000p
Q = 8000-1000 ($4)
Q = 8000-4000
Q = 4000

Jadi Pe (equilibrium) = $4
dan Qe (Equilibrium) = 4000

dan titik keseimbangan terletak di Qe ; Pe (4000 ; $4)

gambarnya :


9.

9
10. mencari elastisitas dengan menggunakan rumus mid point.

lihat rumusnya di case n fair halaman 117
dan di kerjakan, hasilnya akan saya bahas di kelas.

Jawaban Chapter 1 dan 2

CHAPTER 1 & 2
ANSWERS
MATCHING QUESTION
1. E. positive economics
2. H. normative economics
3. I. opportunity cost
4. B. efficiency
5. D. marginal cost
6. J. Production Possibility Frontier
7. A. Laissez-Faire economy
8. K. comparative advantage
9. C. absolute advantage
10. G. command economy

TRUE FALSE
1. T
2. F, opportunity cost is different with the sunk cost. Because opportunity cost is the best alternatives forgone of making one decision and giving up another decision, while sunk cost is the cost that is gone after making a decision, and it doesn’t counted on the next economic decision.
3. T
4. F, the statement above is normative economics
5. F, economics problem is determined by three basic questions of what, how, and for whom related to the production and distribution of scarce resources and allocation.
6. T
7. F, economic growth is the increasing in the total output where the society produces more goods and services within given resources. It also means the increasing of productivity.
8. F, there’s nothing such best economic system, because every system has its own strength and weakness.
9. T
10. T

MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. B. opportunity cost
2. D. what, how, for whom
3. C. work in Insurance Company
4. A. when price increases, quantity demanded will decrease
5. D. Ockham’s razor
6. D. comparative advantage
7. D. investment
8. C. the economic decision is planned
9. C. having more bachelor and master degree among people
10. A. Scarcity

ESSAY
1. Economics is the study of how societies use the scarce resources to produce goods and services and distribute them among different people.
2. Opportunity cost is the best alternatives forgone of making one decision and giving up another decision.
Sunk cost is the cost that had been made and cannot be recovery and shouldn’t affect next economic decision.
Marginal cost is an additional cost of producing one unit of output and concern also for the economic decision
3. The four main reasons why we study economics are :
-Learn the basic thoughts : related to the opportunity cost, marginal cost, sunk cost. it deals of how society makes a decision
- Understanding the society : because the economic decision in the past will affect the life of the society nowadays, so we study economics to concern the long-live society.
- Understanding global issues : because economic had become a main issue all over the world. The policy, locally or internationally, will lead to the overall economic performance in one country. And because economic often causes the big impact for the world welfare and stability, it’s important to understand the global issues.
- to be the speaker of knowledge : when we want to participate about the country’s performance, it’s important to analyze the policy by knowing the basic understanding of economics.
4. Positive economics : The economics method that describe of what happening is and how it is happening. The approaching of economics that doesn’t judge and just see how the people and operation system behave.
Normative economics : The economics method that analyze the result of economic behavior and evaluate the policy about how good and how bad. It what should be happen rather than what happens.
5. Ceteris Paribus means other thing held constant. The assumption of ceteris paribus is needed to simplify the reality and to focus of the relationship we are concerning of. It’s the part of abstraction process when there’s a complicated model and hard to be discussed. Because in the social life, many things had their own effect to something, and to know the relationship of only one thing to another thing, we need to make the model more simply.
6. Scarcity is when the resources are limited relative to the human needs and wants. While choice is the action that human should do when they face the fact of scarcity.
as related to the economic problem, people should make a choice how to produce efficiently in the given scarce resources. The 3 basic question of what, how and for whom are also answering the problem of scarcity and choice.
7. Comparative advantage : The idea which stated that the specialization and the free-trade will give a benefit for each trader’s participant, even when there’s an inefficient producer.
Absolute advantage : The idea which stated that a producer still gets a same result in producing goods or services when that producer is able to use the lower resources.
8. Laissez-Faire is the France’s phrase which means : let them do.
It is the economic system that has no government intervention and work based on market-economy-system. It concerns in the efficiency and regard that the government intervention will only bring the inefficiency, so it runs its economic based on the behavior of capital’s holders.
9. Production Possibility Frontier is the graph that shows the all combination of goods and services produced when all resources are used efficiently.
In the graph shows the combination of weapons and butter that nation faces. The nation best production is lied above the point A andC.
while the B point, the nation is still leaving some resources.
In point A, the nation take more weapons that butter, while in point C, the nation take more butter than weapons, but it gives the same best alternatives.
The point B implies that the nation hasn’t used its best resources in producing products. It means the economy hasn’t attained the efficient economy.

weapons







butter





10. Indonesia’s economic system is actually a mixed-economy which adopts the market-system when there’s a freedom for market to operate its business and run economic activities, but there’s still an intervention from government. Where the main and important resources are led by the nation and the private firms can only run a business of usual products (not main important resources). Furthermore, the government is also regulating several economic performance indicators which reflects in the fiscal or monetary policy.

Soal Remedial

untuk yang telah menerima hasil praktikum pie mikro 2, dan kepada yang nilainya masih di bawah 75, saya tawarkan 2 opsi kepada kalian.

1. nilai kalian tetap di bawah 75, dan masih ada jatah nilai yang bisa kalian maksimalkan (itupun kalau masih ada :D )

2. kerjakan soal perbaikan, dan bila semuanya benar, anda akan mendapat point 75 untuk perbaikan nilai anda.

bila anda setuju untuk point 1, silahkan meninggalkan blog ini, dan belajar untuk praktikum selanjutnya :D

bila anda setuju untuk point 2.

SILAHKAN, cek kembali lembar jawaban praktikum anda, lalu..
lihat di blog ini, soal praktikum 2, dan kerjakan nomer-nomer yang anda salah saja.

misal : anda salah pada nomor 3 dan 4
nah, cari dan perbaiki jawaban nomer 3 dan 4 dengan baik dan benar, di kertas folio yang baru.

lalu, kumpulkan hasil praktikum 2 anda dan jawaban perbaikan anda.
dikumpulkan paling lambat, SENIN (18 Oktober 2010) di boxfile, dengan nama Putri Rahmi
pada pukul 17.00 WIB, lewat dari jam tersebut, dengan sangat berat hati, jawaban anda tidak saya terima :-)

Selamat mengerjakan, bila ada kesulitan, silahkan tanya saya di ruang TA. my office hour in monday, start from 14.30 till 17.00 wib.

good luck everybody :D

soal praktikum 2

Aturan Pengerjaan
1. kerjakan soal berikut saja:

* MQ = 2,4,5,6,7
* T/F= 1,2,3,4,5,10 (sebutkan alasan nya, bila anda memilih F (FALSE) )
* MC = 1-5, 10
* Essay = 1-7

2. Untuk susulan ini, anda akan mendapatkan nilai maksimal 75.
3. jawaban ditulis rapi, pada kertas Folio bergaris.
4. dikumpulkan paling lambat, SENIN (18 Oktober 2010) di boxfile, dengan nama Putri Rahmi
pada pukul 17.00 WIB, lewat dari jam tersebut, dengan sangat berat hati, jawaban anda tidak saya terima :-)
5. Selamat mengerjakan, bila ada kesulitan, silahkan tanya saya di ruang TA. my office hour in monday, start from 14.30 till 17.00 wib.
6. good luck everybody :D




CHAPTER 3 AND 4
DEMAND, SUPPLY, MARKET EQUILIBRIUM AND ITS ELASTICITY

Matching Questions
1. A general concept used to quantify the response in one variable when another variable change.
2. Diagram of the economic activity where goods and services flow clockwise.
3. The difference between the maximum amounts a person is willing to pay for a good and its current market price.
4. Goods that are biased interchangeable with each other; when the price of a good rises, demand for other goods will rise.
5. Condition that occurs when quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied at a certain price.
6. Change in income, preference, or price of other goods leads to change in demand.
7. The negative relationship between price and quantity demanded. As price rises, quantity demanded falls, and vice versa.
8. A minimum price below which exchange is not permitted.
9. Change in price of a good leads to change in quantity demanded of that good.
10. The net loss of producer and consumer surplus from underproduction or overproduction.

A. Substitution Goods
B. Law of demand
C. Price floor
D. Moving along the demand curve
E. Complementary goods
F. Elasticity
G. Consumer surplus
H. Shortage
I. Dead weight loss
J. Price Ceiling
K. Circular flow diagram
L. Shifting demand curve
True or False
1. Goods for which demand tends to fall when income rises are normal goods.
2. The law of supply states that there is a negative relationship between price and quantity supplied. When the price falls, quantity supplied will increase.
3. Television, motorcycles, cars, and sweater were traded goods in input markets.
4. Changes in price of other goods will cause the demand move along the curve.
5. Equilibrium occurs when the demand for goods offered is greater than the requested items.
6. Perfectly inelastic demand is the demand in which the quantity demanded responds at all to a change in price.
7. Surplus occurs when Qd < Qs.
8. The positive cross price elasticity indicates that the goods are substitutes.
9. Price ceiling is charged above the equilibrium.
10. Land, labor, and capital, including into the factors of production.
Multiple Choices
1. Individual demand curve for a commodity states :
a. The maximum limit of the individual's intentions
b. The minimum limit of the individual’s wants
c. Minimum or maximum limits of the individual's intentions
d. Not a minimum or maximum limits of the individual's intentions
2. Decline in the price of a commodity, while other factors are assumed constant, resulting in and referred to as:
a. Increase in demand
b. Reduced demand
c. The increase in quantity demanded
d. Decrease in quantity demanded
3. Household decisions about the quantity of output or a specific product that will be required depends on:

a. Product Price
b. Revenue available
c. Taste
d. All correct answers

4. If the price of a substitute of X falls, the demand for goods X will be....

a. Increase
b. Decline
c. Fixed
d. All incorrect

5. Equilibrium will be achieved when ...

a. Qd > Qs
b. Qd = Qs
c. Qd < Qs
d. Qd ≠ Qs

6. A Price ceiling creates …

a. Excess demand
b. Excess supply
c. Equilibrium
d. Higher price

7. E s for the supply curve in the form of a straight line is positively sloped and cuts the price axis is ...

a. 0
b. 1
c. > 1
d. Constant

8. If the income elasticity of demand greater than one, the goods are included in ...
a. Luxury
b. Third-rater
c. Daily necessities
d. Goods that are not related

9. P Qd




0 Q
What is the elasticity of the picture above?

a. Perfectly Elastic
b. Unitary elastic
c. Perfectly inelastic
d. Inelastic

10. Which of the following items is included an inferior goods:

a. Cassava
b. Apple
c. Plastic mines
d. Premium
Essay
1. Explain:
a. law of demand
b. law of supply
2. What is a market input and output markets? Mention anything that is traded on those markets?
3. Draw and explain the circular flow diagram!
4. Explain this following words and give some example for each goods:

a. Normal goods
b. Inferior goods
c. Substitutes goods
d. Complementary goods

5. What is the slope of:
a. Demand curve
b. Supply curve
Explain graphically!
6. What is the equilibrium? How does its condition occur?
7. The demand function of corn is Qdx=8000-1000Px and the supply function is Qsx=-4000+2000Px. Find the equilibrium and draw it!
8. What is the different between producer surplus and consumer surplus? What’s happened if there is underproduction or overproduction? Explain graphically!
9. What’s happened if either price ceiling or price floor is charged in the market?
10. P
60 A
50 B
40 C
30 D
20 E
10 F
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Q
Compile a grocery store cake egg demand curve as a function of price Calculate the elasticity of demand using the midpoint formula between points A and B, between points C and D, and between points E and F! Including into what types of elasticity?